Lub luag haujlwm thiab kev sib txuas ntawm tes -peptides nkag mus

Kev nkag mus rau hauv cov cell membrane thiab nkag mus rau hauv lub cell yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej rau ntau yam macromolecules lom uas lub hom phiaj ua haujlwm. Txawm li cas los xij, kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev tsis zoo ntawm biomembrane tiv thaiv ntau cov tshuaj macromolecular nkag mus rau hauv lub cell, yog li txwv tsis pub siv cov tshuaj no hauv kev kho mob. Yog li ntawd, yuav ua li cas coj cov tshuaj no mus rau hauv lub cell membrane yog ib qho teeb meem ceev uas yuav tsum tau daws. Cov txheej txheem tam sim no los kho qhov kev nkag mus ntawm cov macromolecules lom rau hauv cov cell membrane feem ntau suav nrog cell -peptides (cell penetrating peptides, CPPs), liposomes, adenovirus, nanoparticles, dab hlwb, thiab lwm yam, thaum CPPs Nws yog ib hom polypeptide uas ncaj qha hla lub cell {6} ib daim nyias nyias thiab nkag mus rau {6} cell receptors thiab tsis yog - classical endocytosis yam. Lawv qhov ntev yog feem ntau tsis ntau tshaj 30 amino acids thiab lawv muaj cov nplua nuj nyob hauv cov amino acids. Cov amino acid ib ntus feem ntau yog them nyiaj zoo.

1human immunodeficiency virus transcriptional activator TAT(human immunodeficiency virus-1 transcription activator, HIV-1 TAT) Nws yog thawj cell-peptide nrhiav pom, uas nkag mus rau hauv cov hlwb hauv txoj kev tsis muaj tshuaj lom thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.

cell penetrating peptide (cell penetrating peptides, CPPs) Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm nws yog tias nws muaj peev xwm nqa tau ntau yam khoom siv roj ntsha ntawm qhov sib txawv thiab cov khoom rau hauv cov hlwb, suav nrog cov tshuaj me me, dyes, peptides, thiab peptide nucleic acids (peptide nucleo acid, PNA), protein, plasmid 0 p NA, silicon 0. thiab superparamagnetic hais, thiab lwm yam. Cov cuab yeej no muab qhov ua tau rau lawv los ua cov neeg nqa khoom zoo rau cov tshuaj tsom.

CPPs Zoo li vector yog cov tshuaj lom neeg tsawg thiab tsis muaj kev txwv ntawm tes, txawm hais tias CPPs tuaj yeem thauj ntau hom tshuaj mus rau hauv cov hlwb, tab sis nws cov kev siv tau zoo feem ntau yog tsom rau oligopeptides, proteins, thiab oligonucleotides (oligonucleotides, ONs) lossis zoo sib xws ntawm cellular thauj.
 

Sib txawv ntawm tes-xws li peptides (CPP) Sib txawv transmembrane mechanisms, ib lub xovtooj ntawm - nkag peptide (CPP) Cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb yog nyob ntawm ntau qhov tsis muaj, xws li qhov loj me (cov khoom nqa), qhov kub thiab txias, hom cell thiab ruaj khov sab hauv thiab sab nraud ntawm tes. cell penetrating peptide (CPP) Cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb ntawm kev nkag mus rau hauv hlwb tam sim no tsis meej. Nrov speculations muaj xws li nram no peb:
A: Inverted colloidal particle qauv (inverted micelle qauv),CPPs Los ntawm kev txav ntawm phospholipid molecules ntawm lub cell membrane, ib qho inverted colloidal qauv yog tsim thiab nkag mus rau hauv cytoplasm.
B: Kev nkag ncaj qha,piv txwv li pore qauv qauv (pore formation qauv), CPPs Tsim ib tug transmembrane pore qauv ntawm lub cell membrane thiab nkag mus rau lub cytoplasm.
C: Cellular uptake los ntawm endocytosis.
qhov chaw: Cell- nkag mus rau peptides thiab lawv cov ntawv kho mob, Victoria Sebbage, BioscienceHorizons, Volume 2, Number 1, March 2009.

Cell- nkag mus rau peptides (xws li HIV TAT) Nws tuaj yeem nkag mus rau cov hlwb hauv ob txoj hauv kev: nkag mus ncaj qha thiab endocytosis. HIV TAT Los yog yooj yim polyarginine tuaj yeem tsim los ua cov neeg nqa tshuaj zoo, tab sis CPP (zoo li HIV TAT) Kev thauj cov membrane ua tiav li cas tseem tsis paub meej.
yooj yim HIV TAT Cov txheej txheem nkag ntawm tes xws li kev nkag mus ncaj qha thiab endocytosis txhawb nqa li cas? los ntawm Gerard Wong Cov kws tshawb fawb hauv chav kuaj tau kawm nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej sib txawv HIV TAT Yuav ua li cas nws cuam tshuam nrog cytoplasmic membrane, cytoskeleton, thiab cov membrane receptors tshwj xeeb, yog li inducing ntau txoj kev thauj mus los.

interestingly, TAT Ntau yam kev sib txawv tuaj yeem tshwm sim nrog tib lub sijhawm raws li cov xwm txheej sib txawv, yog li cuam tshuam nrog cov cell membrane, cytoskeleton, thiab cov receptors tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem tsim ntau txoj hauv kev.

CPP Muaj kev sib raug zoo heev ntawm cov txheej txheem transmembrane thiab cov txheej txheem polypeptide. Yog hais tias nyob rau hauv ib tug purely hydrophilic CPP Ntxiv ib tug hydrophobic residue rau nws muaj peev xwm hloov tag nrho nws cov mechanism thauj. Piv txwv li, qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws CPP Prototype-polyarginine (polyR), tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev tsim cov txheej txheem transmembrane pore ntawm cov cell membrane. Hydrophobic amino acids tsim curvature zoo los ntawm kev ntxig rau hauv cov cell membrane. Arginine tuaj yeem tsim qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm tib lub sijhawm. Lysine tsuas tuaj yeem tsim qhov curvature tsis zoo nyob rau hauv ib qho kev taw qhia. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias ntawm arginine thiab lysine / Muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm hydrophobes.

Yog tias hydrophobicity ua rau qhov tsis zoo Gaussian curvature (Gaussian curvature), yog vim li cas TAT ​​Yuav ua li cas txog cov ntsiab lus tsis tshua muaj hydrophobic ntawm peptide? Qhov laj thawj yog CPPs Lawv txhua tus siv ob peb pab pawg hydrophobic li sai tau los tsim lub eeb -splay curvature. Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv feem ntau yuav ua rau tsuas yog qhov pore ib ntus xwb -xws li cov qauv transmembrane hauv daim nyias nyias, tsim ib khub CPP rau lub neej luv pore. vim CPP Cov amino acid muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm TAT Peptides tuaj yeem kho endocytosis nrog lossis tsis muaj receptors.